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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

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Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Preparation and Observation of Thick Biological Samples by Scanning Transmission Electron Tomography
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Big data and deep data in scanning and electron microscopies: deriving functionality from multidimensional data sets.

Alex Belianinov1, Rama Vasudevan1, Evgheni Strelcov1

  • 1Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA ; The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.

Advanced Structural and Chemical Imaging
|August 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced microscopy techniques generate vast, complex datasets. Big and deep data analysis methods are now used to interpret this information, revealing atomic-level details of material structure and function.

Keywords:
High-performance computingMultivariate statistical analysisScanning probe microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Electron and scanning probe microscopies provide atomic resolution imaging.
  • Computer-assisted methods have been crucial for microscope operation, data acquisition, and analysis.
  • Recent advances in imaging technology yield high-veracity, multidimensional data on structure and functionality.

Approach:

  • Reviewing applications of big and deep data analysis methods.
  • Utilizing these methods to visualize, compress, and translate complex datasets.
  • Focusing on extracting physically and chemically relevant information.

Key Points:

  • High-resolution imaging now achieves picometer precision for quantitative measurements.
  • Functional imaging generates multidimensional datasets based on various parameters.
  • Big and deep data analysis is essential for interpreting this complex information.

Conclusions:

  • Big and deep data analysis methods are vital for modern microscopy.
  • These approaches enable the translation of complex structural and functional data into meaningful insights.
  • This facilitates a deeper understanding of matter at the atomic and molecular levels.