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Related Concept Videos

Pressure of Fluids01:14

Pressure of Fluids

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There are many examples of pressure in fluids in everyday life, such as in relation to blood (high or low blood pressure) and in relation to weather (high- and low-pressure weather systems). A given force can have a significantly different effect, depending on the area over which the force is exerted. For instance, a force applied to an area of 1 mm2 has a pressure that is 100 times greater than the same force applied to an area of 1 cm2. That's why a sharp needle is able to poke through...
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Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
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Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs...
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Requirements for Human Life01:26

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The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
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Fluid Pressure01:14

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In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
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Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
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Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
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Using Flexible Gold-Titanium Reaction Cells to Simulate Pressure-Dependent Microbial Activity in the Context of Subsurface Biomining
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Pressure as a Limiting Factor for Life.

Rachael Hazael1,2, Filip Meersman3, Fumihisa Ono4

  • 1Christopher Ingold Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK. r.hazael@ucl.ac.uk.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms can survive extreme pressures far beyond theoretical limits, challenging our understanding of life's resilience. This has implications for astrobiology and technologies like food sterilization.

Keywords:
Artemia cystsbacterial survivalcell wall biochemistryextreme conditionsfood technologyhigh pressure treatmentinterplanetary transportprotein stabilityseedsspores

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Astrobiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Theoretical models predict cellular life is not viable above 200-300 MPa.
  • However, experimental evidence shows organisms surviving at gigapascal (GPa) pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the survival mechanisms of organisms under extreme high-pressure conditions.
  • To understand the limits of life's pressure tolerance for technological and astrobiological applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data on organism survival at high pressures.
  • Analysis of pressure resistance variation with exposure timescale, including shock experiments.

Main Results:

  • Organisms exhibit survival capabilities extending into the GPa and tens of GPa ranges.
  • Survival rates are significantly enhanced under shock conditions (nanosecond timescales).
  • Pressure resistance varies considerably with the duration of exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Current understanding of biomolecular stability is insufficient to explain high-pressure survival.
  • Extreme pressure survival has implications for deep-biosphere exploration, panspermia, and food preservation technologies.