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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

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In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the...
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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GRID and Multiphonon States.

S J Robinson1

  • 1Department of Physics, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|August 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The GRID technique enables new studies of nuclear multiphonon excitations. Researchers found evidence for specific excitations in deformed and vibrational nuclei, advancing nuclear structure understanding.

Keywords:
deformed nucleimultiphonon statesspherical nuclei

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Nuclear Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Multiphonon excitations are key to understanding nuclear structure.
  • Previous experimental methods limited detailed studies of these states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present experimental evidence for multiphonon excitations using the GRID technique.
  • To investigate nuclear level lifetimes of excited low-spin states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Gamma-Ray Internal Decay (GRID) technique.
  • Analyzing data from thermal neutron capture reactions.

Main Results:

  • Established evidence for γγK(π) = 4(+) excitations in deformed nuclei.
  • Observed contradictory evidence for K(π)= 0(+) bands, suggesting configuration mixing.
  • Confirmed multiple quadrupole phonon excitations in Cd-114.
  • Identified quadrupole-octupole coupled states in Nd-144.

Conclusions:

  • The GRID technique is powerful for studying nuclear multiphonon excitations.
  • Experimental data provides insights into complex configurations in deformed nuclei.
  • Demonstrated the existence of phonon excitations in vibrational nuclei.