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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Histopathologic Features of Prognostic Significance in High-Grade Osteosarcoma.

Michael Herman Chui, Rita A Kandel, Marcus Wong

    Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
    |August 24, 2016
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Tumor necrosis after chemotherapy can predict osteosarcoma survival. New histologic factors like lymphovascular invasion and mitotic rate, combined with tumor size and site, improve prognostic accuracy for high-grade osteosarcoma.

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    Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Pathology
    • Surgical Oncology

    Background:

    • Tumor necrosis post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an established prognostic indicator in osteosarcoma.
    • However, its correlation with survival is not absolute, necessitating further prognostic factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify additional histologic variables with prognostic significance in high-grade osteosarcoma.
    • To develop an improved prognostic model integrating clinical and histomorphologic features.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of pretreatment biopsy and post-chemotherapy resection slides from 165 high-grade osteosarcoma patients.
    • Univariate (Kaplan-Meier) and multivariate (Cox regression) analyses were performed.
    • Development of a prognostic index based on significant variables.

    Main Results:

    • Metastatic status, tumor size, site, and subtype were confirmed prognostic factors.
    • Lymphovascular invasion, ≥10% residual viable tumor, and ≥10 mitoses/10 HPF in resections correlated with poor survival.
    • A novel prognostic index incorporating tumor size, site, lymphovascular invasion, mitotic rate, and viable tumor extent significantly stratified survival risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Integrating clinical and microscopic features enhances osteosarcoma prognostication.
    • The developed prognostic index offers improved risk stratification for patients with high-grade osteosarcoma.