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Phytochemical profiling as a solution to palliate disinfectant limitations.

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Certain phytochemicals show promise in combating antimicrobial tolerance. Cinnamic acid effectively controls adhered bacteria, offering a potential alternative to conventional biocides.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Indiscriminate biocide use drives antimicrobial tolerance in microorganisms.
  • Need for alternative antimicrobial agents to combat resistant strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate seven phytochemicals for controlling planktonic and sessile Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
  • To identify potent phytochemicals as alternatives or complements to conventional biocides.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of seven phytochemicals: tyrosol, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamaldehyde, coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and eugenol.
  • Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC).
  • Assessment of efficacy against planktonic and sessile bacterial cells, including membrane hydrophilicity changes.

Main Results:

  • Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.
  • Cinnamic acid demonstrated complete control of adhered bacteria, comparable to peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite.
  • Cinnamic acid significantly altered bacterial membrane hydrophilicity, suggesting a mechanism of action.

Conclusions:

  • Phytochemicals represent viable alternatives or complementary agents to conventional biocides.
  • Cinnamic acid is particularly effective against sessile bacterial cells, addressing biofilm challenges.
  • Further research into phytochemicals can mitigate the rise of antimicrobial tolerance.