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Related Concept Videos

Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

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The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
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The Joule and Joule–Thomson Experiments01:23

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Consider an adiabatic system composed of two chambers, A and B, designed such that no heat flows into or out of the system. Initially, chamber A is filled with a gas at a fixed temperature T1, pressure p1, and volume V1, while chamber B is evacuated. The gas is then gradually forced through a rigid, porous barrier to chamber B, ultimately reaching temperature T2, pressure p2, and volume V2. A piston on the right side maintains a constant pressure (p2), which is lower than p1. The significant...
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Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

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Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is...
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Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled  that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc  with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
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Electromotive Force01:02

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Electromotive force (emf) is the force that causes current to flow from a higher to a lower  potential. The term "electromotive force" is used for historical reasons, even though emf is not a force at all.
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Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

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Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
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AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures
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Joule heating effects on electroosmotic entry flow.

Rama Aravind Prabhakaran1, Yilong Zhou1, Saurin Patel1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.

Electrophoresis
|August 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electroosmotic flow in microfluidics is affected by Joule heating at the reservoir-microchannel junction. This study reveals electrothermal circulations and presents a novel 2D model for predicting fluid behavior.

Keywords:
ElectrokineticElectroosmosisElectrothermal flowEntry flowJoule heating

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Electrokinetics
  • Transport Phenomena

Background:

  • Electroosmotic flow (EOF) is preferred over pressure-driven flow in microfluidic devices.
  • Previous EOF studies primarily focused on flow within microchannels, neglecting reservoir entry effects.
  • Joule heating is an inherent phenomenon in electrokinetic transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate Joule heating effects on electroosmotic fluid entry into microchannels.
  • To analyze electrothermal fluid circulations at the reservoir-microchannel junction.
  • To develop and validate a numerical model for predicting EOF behavior under Joule heating.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of electroosmotic fluid entry in polymer-based microfluidic chips.
  • Observation and characterization of electrothermal fluid circulations.
  • Development of a 2D depth-averaged numerical model for fluid temperature and flow fields.

Main Results:

  • Observed electrothermal fluid circulations at the reservoir-microchannel junction.
  • Circulation size and strength increase with the AC to DC voltage ratio.
  • The 2D numerical model accurately predicts observed electroosmotic entry flow patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Joule heating significantly impacts electroosmotic fluid entry into microchannels.
  • Electrothermal circulations are a key phenomenon at the junction.
  • The developed 2D model offers an efficient alternative to complex 3D simulations for electrokinetic microfluidic analysis.