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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

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For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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How the World Changes By Going from One- to Two-Dimensional Polymers in Solution.

A Dieter Schlüter1, Payam Payamyar2, Hans Christian Öttinger3

  • 1Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland. ads@mat.ethz.ch.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|August 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explore the scaling behavior of two-dimensional (2D) polymers, finding that methods for one-dimensional (1D) polymers don't apply. Solubility challenges are anticipated, requiring new synthetic strategies for 2D polymer characterization and processing.

Keywords:
1D polymers2D polymersdilute solutionsfixed points

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Theoretical Chemistry

Background:

  • One-dimensional (1D) polymers have well-understood scaling behaviors in dilute solutions.
  • The emerging field of two-dimensional (2D) polymers presents unique theoretical and experimental challenges.
  • Existing theoretical frameworks for 1D polymers may not directly translate to 2D systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the scaling behavior of 1D and 2D polymers in dilute solutions.
  • To stimulate experimental research in the nascent field of 2D polymers.
  • To provide insights into the theoretical underpinnings using renormalization-group theory for a broad audience.

Main Methods:

  • Application of renormalization-group theory to analyze polymer scaling.
  • Comparison of theoretical predictions for 1D and 2D polymer systems.
  • Explanation of complex theoretical concepts for a general scientific audience.

Main Results:

  • Established methods for 1D polymers are often inapplicable to 2D polymers.
  • The roles of different universal behavior states are significantly altered in 2D systems.
  • Solubility is predicted to be a major hurdle for synthesizing and characterizing 2D polymers.

Conclusions:

  • New synthetic approaches are necessary to overcome solubility challenges in 2D polymers.
  • Strategies should focus on tuning local bending rigidity, molar mass, and long-range interactions.
  • Preventing aggregation into flat or compact states is crucial for successful 2D polymer development and application.