Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
Published on: May 5, 2020
Sixth nerve palsy following botulinum toxin injection for facial rejuvenation
Ayse Dolar Bilge1,2, Fariz Sadigov3, Senem Salar-Gomceli4
1a Ophthalmology, Emsey hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
Background:
Botulinum toxin A (BTX) has been widely used for a variety of facial esthetic procedures within the last couple of decades. Efficacy and safety of BTX for facial rejuvenation has been extensively studied in multiple randomized prospective controlled trials. Focal weakness is among the most commonly reported adverse effects. Adverse reactions tend to occur most commonly due to errors in dosing formulation and errors with the techniques of the application. No serious long-term complications have been reported.
Main Observation:
We present the case of a 52-year-old female presenting with diplopia one week following the injection of BTX for facial rejuvenation at glabella, forehead and crow's feet areas.
Conclusions:
Injection of BTX adjacent to periorbital area may be associated with extra-ocular muscle paralysis.
Related Concept Videos
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects
Unlike...
Muscles for Facial Expressions
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...

