Exploring the Applicability of Nano-Poration for Remote Control in Smart Drug Delivery Systems

Smart drug delivery systems represent an interesting tool to significantly improve the efficiency and the precision in the treatment of a broad category of diseases. In this context, a drug delivery mediated by nanosecond pulsed electric fields seems a promising technique, allowing for a controlled release and uptake of drugs by the synergy between the electropulsation and nanocarriers with encapsulated drugs. The main concern about the use of electroporation for drug delivery applications is the difference in dimension between the liposome (nanometer range) and the cell (micrometer range). The choice of liposome dimension is not trivial. Liposomes larger than 500 nm of diameter could be recognized as pathogen agents by the immune system, while liposomes of smaller size would require external electric field of high amplitudes for the membrane electroporation that could compromise the cell viability. The aim of this work is to theoretically study the possibility of a simultaneous cell and liposomes electroporation. The numerical simulations reported the possibility to electroporate the cell and a significant percentage of liposomes with comparable values of external electric field, when a 12 nsPEF is used.