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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:23

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Quantification of Information Encoded by Gene Expression Levels During Lifespan Modulation Under Broad-range Dietary Restriction in C. elegans
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Non-Coding RNA Molecules Connect Calorie Restriction and Lifespan.

Karan J Abraham1, Lauren A Ostrowski1, Karim Mekhail2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|August 27, 2016
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Summary

Calorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan by influencing non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These ncRNAs link CR to key aging processes, offering new therapeutic targets for age-related diseases.

Keywords:
agingcalorie restrictionhuman diseasenon-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Calorie restriction (CR) is a well-established environmental intervention known to extend lifespan across various organisms.
  • The biological mechanisms underlying CR's effects are complex and involve numerous cellular and molecular pathways.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators in diverse biological processes, including aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules as both mediators and targets of lifespan-extending calorie restriction (CR).
  • To explore the connections between ncRNAs and the fundamental biological processes affected by CR.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic avenues for aging and age-related diseases based on CR-ncRNA interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing scientific literature on calorie restriction and non-coding RNA.
  • Analysis of ncRNA involvement in CR-modulated pathways such as genome stability, metabolism, and cell death.
  • Discussion of the implications of ncRNA-CR interactions for understanding aging mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are identified as key molecular players mediating the effects of calorie restriction (CR) on lifespan.
  • ncRNAs connect CR to critical aging hallmarks including genome stability, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, senescence, cancer, and neurodegeneration.
  • Specific ncRNA molecules are both influenced by and influence the biological outcomes of CR.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between ncRNAs and CR provides novel insights into the fundamental mechanisms of aging.
  • ncRNAs represent promising targets for developing interventions to modulate aging and combat age-related diseases.
  • Further research into CR-regulated ncRNAs could unlock new strategies for promoting healthspan and longevity.