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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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[Craniosynostosis and strabismus].

A K Wang1, X L Kang

  • 1Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.

[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Craniosynostosis (CS) involves premature skull suture fusion, causing abnormal head shape. This review details CS manifestations, particularly strabismus, and multidisciplinary treatment approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Craniosynostosis (CS) is premature fusion of cranial sutures, resulting in abnormal skull shape and premature maturity.
  • CS is classified into Non-syndromic (NSC) and Syndromic (SC) forms, with SC involving additional midface and limb malformations.
  • Common syndromic types include Crouzon, Apert, and Pfeiffer syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations of craniosynostosis.
  • To summarize ophthalmic complications, specifically strabismus, associated with CS.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis and multidisciplinary treatment strategies for CS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of craniosynostosis, focusing on clinical presentation and ophthalmic aspects.
  • Synthesis of information on the classification and genetic basis of syndromic CS.
  • Compilation of current multidisciplinary approaches to CS management.

Main Results:

  • CS presents with skull malformations, intracranial hypertension, and potential developmental disorders.
  • Strabismus is a recognized ophthalmic complication of CS, with increasing recognition among oculists.
  • Syndromic CS exhibits more complex manifestations than non-syndromic forms.

Conclusions:

  • Craniosynostosis requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective management.
  • Ophthalmic complications like strabismus are significant and warrant attention in CS patients.
  • Understanding CS pathogenesis is crucial for developing targeted therapies.