[Application value of ocular multimodal imaging methods in the evaluation of increased intracranial pressure]

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is commonly induced by neurological diseases, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis. Although invasive intracranial pressure monitoring via external ventricular drainage (EVD) serves as the gold standard, it is not suitable for early screening. Multimodal imaging approaches for ICP evaluation include optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Among these techniques, ONSD measurement is the most convenient modality, and OCT has also been validated for the early diagnosis of elevated ICP. This review elaborates on the clinical value, diagnostic efficacy, and applicable scenarios of three ONSD measurement techniques and OCT in predicting increased ICP. It clarifies that multimodal ocular imaging helps optimize the monitoring system for elevated ICP and provides evidence-based guidance for its early diagnosis.