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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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Interference Confocal Microscope Integrated with Spatial Phase Shifter.

Weibo Wang1,2, Kang Gu3, Xiaoyu You4

  • 1Institute of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. weibo.wang@eng.ox.ac.uk.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new interference confocal microscope (ICM) with a simultaneous phase-shifter for enhanced stability. This vibration-immune microscope achieves 1 nm axial depth resolution, improving measurements for various objective lenses.

Keywords:
confocal microscopeinterferencephase shiftspatial phase shifter

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Microscopy
  • Interferometry
  • Confocal Microscopy

Background:

  • Vibration and reflectance disturbances limit the precision of conventional interference confocal microscopes.
  • Simultaneous phase shifting interferometry and bipolar differential confocal microscopy offer complementary advantages for high-resolution imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel interference confocal microscope (ICM) with enhanced immunity to environmental vibrations and reflectance variations.
  • To achieve high axial resolution and a large dynamic range in microscopic measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a single-body, four-step simultaneous phase-shifter device into the ICM.
  • Simultaneous capture of four phase-shifted interference signals to eliminate time delay.
  • Combination of interference phase response and bipolar differential confocal microscopy properties for data analysis without phase unwrapping.

Main Results:

  • The proposed ICM system demonstrates high immunity to vibration and reflectance disturbances.
  • Achieved a stable axial depth resolution of 1 nm.
  • The system is effective for both low- and high-numerical aperture objective lenses.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ICM with a simultaneous phase-shifter offers a stable, space-saving, and high-performance solution for precise microscopic measurements.
  • This approach successfully combines the benefits of interferometry and confocal microscopy for superior axial resolution and robustness.