Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Singularity Functions for Shear01:26

Singularity Functions for Shear

477
In structural analysis, singularity functions are crucial in simplifying the representation of shear forces in beams under discontinuous loading. These functions describe discontinuous  variations in shear force across a beam with varying loads by using a single mathematical expression, regardless of the complexity of the loading conditions. The singularity functions are derived from creating a free-body diagram of the beam and then making conceptual cuts at specific points to examine the...
477
Probability Distributions01:32

Probability Distributions

12.9K
 The probability of a random variable x  is the likelihood of its occurrence. A probability distribution represents the probabilities of a random variable using a formula, graph, or table. There are two types of probability distribution– discrete probability distribution and continuous probability distribution.
A discrete probability distribution is a probability distribution of discrete random variables. It can be categorized into binomial probability distribution and Poisson...
12.9K
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

919
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
919
Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions01:27

Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions

97
Continuous probability distributions are used to model random variables that can take on any real value within a specified range. These variables do not take on isolated or countable values but rather exist on a continuum. For example, the height of an individual can be measured with increasing precision—such as 163.5 or 165.25 centimeters—demonstrating that height is a continuous random variable.The behavior of such variables is described using a probability density function (PDF),...
97
Graphing the Wave Function01:13

Graphing the Wave Function

3.3K
Consider the wave equation for a sinusoidal wave moving in the positive x-direction. The wave equation is a function of both position and time. From the wave equation, two different graphs can be plotted.
3.3K
Probability Histograms01:17

Probability Histograms

13.5K
A probability histogram is a visual representation of a probability distribution. Similar a typical histogram, the probability histogram consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. It has both a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The horizontal axis is labeled with what the data represents. The vertical axis is labeled with probability. Each rectangular bar in the histogram is 1 unit wide, which suggests that the area under each bar equals the probability, P(x), where x is 1, 2, 3, and so on.
13.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Near single-photon imaging in the shortwave infrared using homodyne detection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2023
Same author

Optimizing the generation of polarization squeezed light in nonlinear optical fibers driven by femtosecond pulses.

Optics express·2023
Same author

Vacuum breakdown in magnetic dipole wave by 10-PW class lasers.

Physical review. E·2022
Same author

Particle trajectories, gamma-ray emission, and anomalous radiative trapping effects in magnetic dipole wave.

Physical review. E·2022
Same author

Resistance exercise training ameliorates chronic kidney disease outcomes in a 5/6 nephrectomy model.

Life sciences·2021
Same author

Link between packing morphology and the distribution of contact forces and stresses in packings of highly nonconvex particles.

Physical review. E·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K

Evading Vacuum Noise: Wigner Projections or Husimi Samples?

C R Müller1,2, C Peuntinger1,2,3, T Dirmeier1,2

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|August 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Heterodyne detection offers superior accuracy for determining quantum states compared to homodyne detection across most Gaussian states. This finding is crucial for advancing continuous-variable quantum information processing.

More Related Videos

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.1K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.1K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Quantum information science
  • Quantum state estimation

Background:

  • Accurate quantum state determination is fundamental for quantum information processing.
  • Continuous-variable quantum information utilizes schemes like homodyne and heterodyne detection.
  • Homodyne detection reconstructs the Wigner function, while heterodyne detection samples the Husimi Q function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally compare the performance of homodyne and heterodyne detection methods.
  • To determine which detection scheme provides higher accuracy for Gaussian quantum states.
  • To analyze the influence of squeezing strength and thermal noise on detection accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental implementation of homodyne and heterodyne detection schemes.
  • Characterization of Gaussian quantum states.
  • Quantitative analysis of state reconstruction accuracy based on measurement outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Heterodyne detection demonstrates superior accuracy over homodyne detection for nearly all tested Gaussian states.
  • The relative performance is contingent upon parameters such as squeezing strength and the level of thermal noise.
  • The study provides a detailed experimental validation of theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Heterodyne detection is generally the preferred method for high-accuracy quantum state determination in continuous-variable systems.
  • Understanding the impact of noise and squeezing is critical for optimizing quantum measurement strategies.
  • This work advances the practical application of quantum information technologies through improved state estimation.