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Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau1, Sune Vork Steffensen2, Gaëlle Vallée-Tourangeau1

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Exploring insight problem solving, this study found that using physical models significantly improved solutions compared to digital sketching. This highlights how task environments impact cognitive processes.

Keywords:
EnactivismInsightMethodological individualismProblem solvingTask ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Problem Solving Research

Background:

  • Insight problem solving is crucial for innovation and complex task completion.
  • The '17 animals problem' is a pure insight problem requiring spatial reasoning over arithmetic.
  • Task ecology, the environment in which a task is performed, may influence cognitive strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different task ecologies (digital vs. physical) affect insight problem solving.
  • To determine if individual differences mediate the impact of task ecology on problem-solving success.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments used the '17 animals problem' with participants randomly assigned to either a tablet (digital sketching) or model-building (physical) condition.
  • Individual differences in working memory, actively open-minded thinking, need for cognition, and creativity were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Participants in the model-building condition were significantly more successful in finding a working solution than those in the tablet condition.
  • Performance differences were independent of working memory, actively open-minded thinking, or need for cognition.
  • Creativity was correlated with problem-solving success in the second experiment.

Conclusions:

  • The physical environment (task ecology) plays a critical role in facilitating insight problem solving.
  • Findings challenge methodological individualism by suggesting cognition is not solely located within the individual.
  • Emphasizes the importance of embodied cognition and environmental affordances in problem-solving research.