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Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management
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The science commons in health research: structure, function, and value.

Robert Cook-Deegan1

  • 1Center for Genome Ethics, Law & Policy, Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy and Sanford Institute of Public Policy and Duke Medical School, Duke University, 242 North Building, Durham, NC 27708-0141 USA.

The Journal of Technology Transfer
|August 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The science commons, or open-access scientific knowledge, is crucial for innovation and technological advancement. Public and nonprofit funding supports this valuable resource, benefiting both academic and private research sectors.

Keywords:
GenomicsInnovationIntellectual propertyOpen sciencePatentsPublic domain

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific knowledge accessibility
  • Innovation and technological advancement
  • Publicly funded research

Background:

  • The science commons is widely accessible knowledge, primarily funded by government and nonprofit sources.
  • It is produced at academic research centers but can also include privately funded R&D.
  • Mertonian norms of openness and critical inquiry guide scientific endeavors, with the science commons emphasizing openness and broad availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the value of the science commons for knowledge advancement and innovator training.
  • To explain the dual role of open science in enabling non-profitable benefits and foundational research.
  • To illustrate the contribution of the science commons using the genomics field (1992-2004).

Main Methods:

  • Historical case study analysis of the genomics field from 1992-2004.
  • Examination of public and private sector R&D investment and competition.
  • Analysis of funding policies by nonprofit and government organizations (e.g., Wellcome Trust, NIH).

Main Results:

  • The science commons provides a foundation for subsequent private R&D and enables benefits without profitable markets.
  • Genomics experienced intense commercial interest and competition between public and private sectors.
  • Policies supporting open science were crucial for maintaining low-cost access to genomic data and tools.

Conclusions:

  • The science commons is a vital resource for scientific progress and technological innovation.
  • Open science policies are essential for ensuring broad access to research outputs.
  • Understanding the dynamics of the science commons is key for fostering innovation in both public and private sectors.