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Related Concept Videos

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
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Nuclear lamins in cancer.

Jerome Irianto1, Charlotte R Pfeifer1, Irena L Ivanovska1

  • 1Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering
|August 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear lamins, key structural proteins, influence cancer progression by affecting cell migration, genome stability, and gene regulation. Understanding their biophysics may reveal new cancer biomarkers and therapies.

Keywords:
LADsNuclear laminaSRFYAP/TAZcancerhomeostasismechanotransduction

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biophysics
  • Cancer biology
  • Molecular oncology

Background:

  • Dysmorphic nuclei are hallmarks of cancer, highlighting the importance of nuclear structural proteins like lamins.
  • The tumor microenvironment's mechanical properties significantly impact cancer progression, and the nuclear lamina is mechanosensitive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the relationship between cancer progression and the biophysics of nuclear lamins.
  • To explore the multifaceted roles of lamins in cancer development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating nuclear lamins in cancer.
  • Analysis of research on lamina biophysics and its connection to cancer cell behavior.
  • Synthesis of findings on lamins' influence on cell migration, genome integrity, and gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • Lamin levels can restrict cancer cell migration in 3D, potentially hindering tumor growth.
  • Lamins contribute to protecting the cancer cell genome.
  • Lamins modulate transcriptional regulators (RAR, SRF, YAP/TAZ) and chromosome conformation within lamina-associated domains.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear lamins play critical roles in cancer progression through mechanical and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Further research into lamins' functions in cancer and DNA damage could yield novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Lamins show promise as potential biomarkers for cancer progression.