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Insight Into the Role of Long Noncoding RNA in Cancer Development and Progression
1School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
Abstract:
Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) is a large class of RNA molecules with size larger than 200 nucleotides. They exhibit cellular functions although having no protein-coding capability. Accumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNA play crucial roles in cancer biology. Studies showed that deregulation of lncRNA was frequently observed in various types of cancers which contributed heavily to malignant phenotypical changes. Aberration of lncRNA can be induced by a number of factors such as dysregulated signaling pathway, response to catastrophic effect, viral infection, and contact with carcinogens. Meanwhile, alterations of lncRNA expression or function drive subsequent malignant development such as cell transformation or acquisition of stemness characteristics. Here, we give perspectives on recent findings on the involvement of lncRNAs in carcinogenesis and response to adverse tumor environment. Then, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in cancer stem cell which is an important model of cancer emergence. Last, we provide insight on the potential of lncRNAs in modulating environment favorable of cancer development and progression, and evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of lncRNAs in cancer management.
Insights
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are key players in cancer biology, influencing malignant changes and tumor microenvironments. Their dysregulation is linked to cancer development, progression, and offers potential for diagnosis and prognosis.
Area of Science:
- * Molecular Biology
- * Oncology
- * Genetics
Background:
- * Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are RNA molecules >200 nucleotides without protein-coding potential.
- * LncRNAs play critical roles in cancer biology, with deregulation observed in various cancers.
- * Aberrant lncRNA expression contributes to malignant phenotypic changes and cancer development.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review recent findings on lncRNAs in carcinogenesis and response to adverse tumor environments.
- * To discuss the role of lncRNAs in cancer stem cells.
- * To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of lncRNAs in cancer management.
Main Methods:
- * Literature review and synthesis of recent research findings.
- * Analysis of lncRNA involvement in carcinogenesis.
- * Examination of lncRNA roles in cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironments.
Main Results:
- * LncRNA deregulation is frequently observed in cancers, driving malignant progression.
- * LncRNAs are implicated in cell transformation and acquisition of stemness characteristics.
- * LncRNAs modulate the tumor microenvironment and hold diagnostic/prognostic potential.
Conclusions:
- * LncRNAs are crucial in cancer development, progression, and response to adverse conditions.
- * LncRNAs are involved in cancer stem cell biology and tumor microenvironment modulation.
- * LncRNAs show promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer management.
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