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Captivity humanizes the primate microbiome.

Jonathan B Clayton¹, Pajau Vangay², Hu Huang²

¹Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108; GreenViet Biodiversity Conservation Center, Danang 59000, Vietnam;

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|August 31, 2016

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Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Captivity disrupts the gut microbiome in nonhuman primates (NHPs), causing a loss of native bacteria and a shift towards the human gut microbiome. This lifestyle change mirrors Westernization

Area of Science:

Microbiome research
Primate ecology
Comparative genomics

Background:

The human gut microbiome is linked to various diseases.
Modern lifestyles reduce gut microbiome diversity.
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) offer a model to study these changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how captivity and lifestyle changes affect the gut microbiome in NHPs.
To compare NHP gut microbiomes to human gut microbiomes.

Main Methods:

16S rRNA gene sequencing and deep shotgun sequencing were used on NHPs.
Dietary analysis and chloroplast abundance were measured.
A meta-analysis including human data was performed.

Main Results:

Keywords:

dietary fiber dysbiosis human microbiome microbial ecology primate microbiome

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Wild primate species have distinct gut microbiomes.
Captive NHPs lose native microbes and gain Prevotella and Bacteroides, common in humans.
Dietary fiber and plant content decrease in captive primate diets.
Captivity's effect on NHP microbiomes parallels Westernization in humans.

Conclusions:

Captivity and lifestyle disruption lead to a loss of native primate gut microbiota.
NHP gut microbiomes converge towards the modern human microbiome composition.
NHPs serve as a valuable model for understanding human microbiome shifts.