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Basic Perforator Flap Hemodynamic Mathematical Model
Youlun Tao1, Maochao Ding1, Aiguo Wang1
1Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.
Background:
A mathematical model to help explain the hemodynamic characteristics of perforator flaps based on blood flow resistance systems within the flap will serve as a theoretical guide for the future study and clinical applications of these flaps.
Methods:
There are 3 major blood flow resistance network systems of a perforator flap. These were defined as the blood flow resistance of an anastomosis between artery and artery of adjacent perforasomes, between artery and vein within a perforasome, and then between vein and vein corresponding to the outflow of that perforasome. From this, a calculation could be made of the number of such blood flow resistance network systems that must be crossed for all perforasomes within a perforator flap to predict whether that arrangement would be viable.
Results:
The summation of blood flow resistance networks from each perforasome in a given perforator flap could predict which portions would likely survive. This mathematical model shows how this is directly dependent on the location of the vascular pedicle to the flap and whether supercharging or superdrainage maneuvers have been added. These configurations will give an estimate of the hemodynamic characteristics for the given flap design.
Conclusions:
This basic mathematical model can (1) conveniently determine the degree of difficulty for each perforasome within a perforator flap to survive; (2) semiquantitatively allow the calculation of basic hemodynamic parameters; and (3) allow the assessment of the pros and cons expected for each pattern of perforasomes encountered clinically based on predictable hemodynamic observations.
