Plant Exosome Injection with or without Low Level Laser Therapy Promotes Skin Wound Healing: An Experimental Study

Plant derived extracellular vesicle preparations and low level laser therapy (LLLT) each show regenerative effects in cutaneous wound healing. Their combined application may enhance early dermal repair following laser-induced skin injury. This study compares 3 commercially available plant derived extracellular vesicle formulations; Exoline, Glow, and Elysee, administered alone or with LLLT, in a rabbit ear wound model. Characterization of these preparations, including particle content and composition, was limited, and dosing was volume based.

Two hundred forty adult male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to eight groups: untreated control, extracellular vesicle monotherapies, combination therapies with LLLT, and LLLT alone. Standardized full thickness laser-induced thermal skin defects (1 × 1 cm, 2 mm depth) were created on the ventral ear surface. Extracellular vesicles were injected locally immediately after injury, and LLLT (650 nm, 4.8 J/cm², once weekly) was applied in addition to its application immediately after the procedure. Tissue samples were collected at baseline, day 7, and day 14. Collagen deposition and angiogenesis were quantified using Masson trichrome staining and CD31 immunohistochemistry, respectively.

All extracellular vesicle treated groups showed significantly greater collagen deposition and microvascular density compared with controls. Combination therapy enhanced early regenerative responses compared with monotherapies. Differences among products may reflect formulation characteristics.

Plant derived extracellular vesicle injections are associated with enhanced early dermal regeneration in laser-induced skin wounds, particularly when combined with LLLT. Differences among products may reflect formulation characteristics, and longer-term effects require further study.