A consecutive centrifugal method for concentration of human enteric viruses in water samples

A consecutive centrifugal method was developed to concentrate enteric viruses from water. Using five selected human enteric viruses, the recovery rates were evaluated and compared with results from NanoCeram filtration methods. The highest recovery rate was achieved for coxsackievirus (78.11 %, 42.97-101.39), and the lowest rate was for adenovirus (32.84 %, 19.68-66.20). In comparison with NanoCeram disc filtration with beef-extract flocculation (BE), the recovery rate was increased for all viruses. The rate of increase varied from a low of 8.24 % (astroviruses) to a high of 24.22 % (noroviruses). The NanoCeram filtration with BE was further modified by NaPP buffer plus one-step centrifugation using a Centricon plus-70 device. The modified method further increased the concentrations of viruses in the sample. Virus concentration was increased to 19.45 ± 7.19-fold for rotavirus, 19.40 ± 6.54-fold for norovirus, 16.10 ± 7.61-fold for coxsackievirus, 12.80 ± 3.00-fold for astrovirus and 11.97 ± 6.94-fold for adenovirus compared to the NanoCeram filtration with BE. Subsequent cell culture showed that the infectivity of the viruses was not altered by any of the three methods. Three methods will provide testing labs with choices for cost-effective approaches to concentrate viruses from water.