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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Insulin pump therapy in pregnancy.

Jothydev Kesavadev1

  • 1Chairman & Managing Director, Jothydev's Diabetes Research Center, Trivandrum & Kochi.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|September 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Insulin pumps offer improved blood glucose control during pregnancy, mimicking natural insulin delivery. This technology addresses challenges of traditional insulin therapy, enhancing convenience and safety for expectant mothers.

Keywords:
Insulin pump, Pregnancy, Gestational Diabetes mellitus, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion.

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Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Managing blood glucose in pregnancy is challenging due to hormonal fluctuations and mood swings.
  • Traditional multiple daily insulin injections can be inconvenient, causing pain and requiring frequent monitoring.
  • Existing insulin therapy methods present practical difficulties for pregnant individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and efficacy of insulin pump therapy in managing gestational diabetes.
  • To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of insulin pumps compared to conventional insulin therapy.
  • To discuss the clinical experience and existing literature on insulin pump usage during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies and clinical data on insulin pump use in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of insulin pump functionality, including basal and bolus delivery.
  • Examination of recommendations from multiple clinical guidelines regarding insulin pumps.

Main Results:

  • Insulin pumps mimic the physiological insulin secretion of a healthy pancreas.
  • Advanced pumps can prevent hypoglycemia by temporarily suspending insulin delivery.
  • Rapid-acting analogue insulin is the preferred choice for pump therapy in pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin pump therapy is increasingly recommended for glycemic control in pregnancy.
  • The technology offers a more convenient and potentially safer alternative to injections.
  • Further understanding of pump usage benefits and drawbacks is crucial for optimal patient care.