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Bilateral deficit in maximal force production.

Jakob Škarabot1, Neil Cronin2, Vojko Strojnik3

  • 1Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. jakob.skarabot@gmail.com.

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|September 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The bilateral deficit (BD) phenomenon, where limbs produce less force together than individually, is inconsistent and influenced by factors like contraction type and task familiarity. Further research is needed to understand its mechanisms and relationship with athletic performance.

Keywords:
BilateralForceInterhemispheric inhibitionInterlimbMotor controlUnilateral

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Area of Science:

  • * Human movement science
  • * Neuromuscular physiology
  • * Sports biomechanics

Background:

  • * The bilateral deficit (BD) is a phenomenon where the sum of forces produced by limbs unilaterally exceeds the force produced bilaterally.
  • * Existing research presents high variability in the magnitude and existence of BD, suggesting it is not a consistent phenomenon.
  • * Proposed mechanisms underlying BD are numerous but not fully elucidated, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To critically review and clarify key issues surrounding the bilateral deficit phenomenon.
  • * To discuss factors influencing the expression and consistency of BD.
  • * To identify gaps in the current understanding of BD mechanisms and its relation to performance and injury.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review and critical analysis of existing studies on bilateral deficit.
  • * Examination of findings across various movement tasks, contraction types, and populations.
  • * Synthesis of evidence regarding neural and biomechanical mechanisms proposed for BD.

Main Results:

  • * Bilateral deficit is more consistent in dynamic than isometric contractions, independent of contraction type.
  • * Postural stabilization, counterbalance use, and task familiarity significantly influence BD expression.
  • * Neural inhibition and biomechanical factors (e.g., force-velocity characteristics) are implicated mechanisms, requiring further study, particularly in lower limb models.

Conclusions:

  • * Bilateral deficit is a complex, plastic phenomenon influenced by task-specific and individual factors.
  • * Higher-order neural inhibition and biomechanical mechanisms are key areas for future research.
  • * Limited research exists on the relationship between bilateral deficit, athletic performance, and injury, highlighting a need for further investigation.