[Fixation of the malleus and incus]

During the past five years at the ENT Clinic in Olomouc 15 incudomallear synostoses of inflammatory aetiology were observed; 10 times tympanotomy was found, performed in patients without an inflammatory history, fixation of the malleus, or fixation of the malleus and incus or fixation of the stapes and malleus. The authors demonstrate three typical cases, incl. preoperative and postoperative audiograms. As during operation the ossicles are mobilized and left in situ et in function or removed by milling and destroyed and replaced by a reconstruction, the authors demonstrate a primarily fixed malleus found accidentally in the skull from medieval excavations, and histological preparations of primary incudomallear synostosis from a macerated skull in the anatomical museum.