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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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MicroRNAs in Allergic Disease.

Eishika Dissanayake1, Yuzaburo Inoue2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenetic regulators involved in allergic diseases. This review highlights recent findings on miRNA roles in asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis.

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Allergic rhinitisAsthmaAtopic dermatitisEosinophilic esophagitisInflammationmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression.
  • miRNAs play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disorders.
  • Emerging evidence implicates miRNAs in the development of allergic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on miRNA regulation in allergic inflammation.
  • To focus on the role of specific miRNAs (let-7, miR-21, miR-142, miR-146) in allergic diseases.
  • To discuss extracellular miRNAs and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on miRNAs and allergic inflammation.
  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in specific allergic conditions.
  • Exploration of extracellular miRNA functions.

Main Results:

  • Several miRNAs, including let-7, miR-21, miR-142, and miR-146, are central to allergic inflammation.
  • miRNAs modulate key pathways in asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis.
  • Extracellular miRNAs are emerging as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are critical regulators of allergic inflammation and disease.
  • Targeting specific miRNAs offers potential therapeutic strategies for allergic conditions.
  • Further research into extracellular miRNAs is warranted for clinical applications.