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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Overview01:06

Potentiometry: Overview

5.3K
Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
2.1K
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

2.4K
Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
2.4K
Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

2.0K
In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
2.0K
Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

51.7K
On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
51.7K
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

816
Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Conductivity map from scanning tunneling potentiometry.

Hao Zhang1, Xianqi Li1, Yunmei Chen1

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|September 3, 2016
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We developed a new method to extract 2D conductivity profiles from electrochemical potential data. This technique accurately measures conductivity variations, revealing a 10:1 resistivity ratio at graphene grain boundaries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Scanning tunneling potentiometry (STP) is crucial for characterizing nanoscale electronic properties.
  • Accurate conductivity mapping requires robust data processing and reconstruction techniques.
  • Electrochemical potential datasets can be large and prone to noise, complicating analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for extracting 2D conductivity profiles from large electrochemical potential datasets.
  • To improve the accuracy and reliability of conductivity measurements in 2D materials.
  • To quantify conductivity variations, such as those at grain boundaries.

Main Methods:

  • Data preprocessing involving inverse consistent image registration for scan alignment.
  • Total variation (TV) based image restoration to denoise potential data.
  • Numerical conductivity reconstruction using a TV model solved by an accelerated alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM).

Main Results:

  • Successfully extracted 2D conductivity profiles from electrochemical potential datasets.
  • Demonstrated the method's effectiveness on monolayer graphene grain boundaries.
  • Quantified a nearly 10:1 ratio of grain boundary resistivity to bulk resistivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enables precise 2D conductivity profiling from STP data.
  • The technique effectively identifies and quantifies significant conductivity changes at material interfaces.
  • This approach offers a powerful tool for investigating electronic properties of 2D materials.