Geographical origin authentication of pork using multi-element and multivariate data analyses

In the recent years, consumers have become increasingly concerned about the authenticity and labeling claims associated with meat and meat based products. In this study, investigating geographical origin authenticity of pork, 323 samples of pork belly were collected from Korea, USA, Germany, Austria, Netherlands and Belgium. These were analyzed for twenty-nine macro and trace elements using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and ICP-mass spectrometry (MS). The applied analytical techniques were validated by quality assurance parameters in which the values of correlation coefficient, limits of detection and quantification, precision, and spiking recovery confirmed that the methods were well efficient and in accordance to the criteria set by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) for metals analysis. From the results of multivariate analyses, it was found that the trace elements are promising constituents which could be used to accurately determine the inter-continental provenance of pork.