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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
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Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

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Zeroing in on Tumor-Reactive TILs.

Pamela S Ohashi1

  • 1Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, Toronto, Canada. pohashi@uhnresearch.ca.

Cancer Immunology Research
|September 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study refines cancer immunotherapy by identifying tumor-reactive T cells using frequency and PD-1 expression. This approach enhances adoptive cell transfer for more effective cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research
  • Cellular Therapy

Background:

  • Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) using tumor-specific T cells is a promising cancer immunotherapy.
  • Refining T cell selection is crucial for improving ACT efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for identifying and selecting potent tumor-reactive T cells for ACT.
  • To utilize T cell frequency and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression as criteria for selection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T cell populations within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Quantification of T cell frequency.
  • Assessment of PD-1 expression on T cells.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific T cell subsets with high tumor reactivity based on frequency and PD-1 levels.

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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  • Demonstration that these selected T cells exhibit enhanced anti-tumor activity in preclinical models.

    • Conclusions:

    • T cell frequency and PD-1 expression are valuable biomarkers for selecting effective T cells for adoptive cell transfer.
    • This refined approach holds potential for improving the outcomes of cancer immunotherapy.