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Brain-computer interfaces in the completely locked-in state and chronic stroke.

U Chaudhary1, N Birbaumer2, A Ramos-Murguialday3

  • 1Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Progress in Brain Research
|September 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable communication for paralyzed individuals. Recent advances in noninvasive BCIs, like near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), offer new hope for complete locked-in syndrome patients and stroke motor rehabilitation.

Keywords:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisBrain–computer interfaceClassical conditioningCommunicationComplete locked-in stateElectroencephalographyFunctional near-infrared spectroscopyLocked-in stateRehabilitationStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are crucial for restoring function in individuals with severe neurological impairments.
  • Noninvasive techniques like electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are key for BCI development.
  • Previous BCIs were limited for patients with complete locked-in state (CLIS) and severe stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review historical and current noninvasive BCI advancements.
  • To explore BCI applications for communication in CLIS patients.
  • To assess BCI's potential for motor rehabilitation in stroke survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on noninvasive BCIs (EEG and NIRS).
  • Focus on BCI applications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke.
  • Discussion of classical conditioning with NIRS-BCI for CLIS communication.

Main Results:

  • NIRS-BCI with classical conditioning enables communication in CLIS patients.
  • BCI training shows potential for superior motor rehabilitation in severe stroke.
  • Noninvasive BCIs offer new possibilities for communication and recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive BCIs, particularly NIRS-BCI, are expanding communication options for the completely paralyzed.
  • BCI training presents a promising avenue for motor recovery in stroke patients.
  • Further research into BCI mechanisms and applications is essential for future advancements.