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Area of Science:

  • Methodology of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
  • Evidence synthesis and comparative effectiveness research

Background:

  • Individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MAs) provide more powerful analyses than aggregate data meta-analyses (AD-MAs).
  • IPD-MAs require greater resources, leading to conflicting findings in empirical comparisons with AD-MAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review empirical comparisons of IPD-MAs versus AD-MAs.
  • To evaluate agreement levels between IPD-MA and AD-MA results.
  • To assess factors influencing agreement, including effect measures, trial/participant characteristics, and analysis type (main effect vs. modifier).

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of major databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase) up to January 2016.
  • Inclusion of studies comparing IPD-MA and AD-MA results with sufficient numerical data.
  • Independent data extraction and quality assessment by two reviewers; descriptive summarization and statistical comparison of effect measures and precision.

Main Results:

  • 39 studies with 190 comparisons of IPD-MA and AD-MA were eligible.
  • 80% of comparisons showed agreement in statistical significance; 20% disagreed, with IPD-MAs more frequently detecting significant results.
  • Conclusions sometimes differed even with identical trials/participants; limits of agreement were wide, indicating potential for important discrepancies.

Conclusions:

  • IPD-MAs allow for more thorough and potentially appropriate analyses compared to AD-MAs.
  • However, AD-MAs frequently yield similar results and conclusions.
  • Researchers should consider performing AD-MAs first and carefully weigh the added benefits of resource-intensive IPD-MAs.