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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Quantitative study of voice dysfunction after thyroidectomy.

James C Lee1, Daniel Breen2, Amanda Scott3

  • 1Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.

Surgery
|September 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid surgery often causes voice changes, even without nerve damage. Voice quality typically improves within 6-12 months post-operation, with swelling of the recurrent laryngeal nerve correlating to voice issues in some cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Endocrine Surgery
  • Speech Pathology

Background:

  • Voice alteration is common after thyroid procedures, affecting up to 80% of patients without recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.
  • Understanding the factors influencing post-thyroidectomy voice changes is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify voice changes following thyroid surgery.
  • To correlate these voice alterations with the extent of the surgical procedure.
  • To investigate the relationship between voice changes and intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve swelling.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective recruitment of patients undergoing total or hemithyroidectomy.
  • Subjective (Voice Disorder Index) and objective (Dysphonia Severity Index) voice assessments pre- and post-operation.
  • Intraoperative measurement of recurrent laryngeal nerve diameter using Vernier calipers.

Main Results:

  • Overall voice quality significantly deteriorated post-operation, with both subjective and objective measures showing decline (P < .01).
  • Total thyroidectomy patients experienced significant objective voice deterioration, while hemithyroidectomy patients showed significant subjective decline.
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve diameter increased intraoperatively (P < .01), and swelling correlated with worse objective voice scores in hemithyroidectomy patients (P = .03).
  • Voice function generally returned to preoperative levels within 6-12 months.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid operations can lead to voice deterioration even with an intact recurrent laryngeal nerve.
  • The extent of surgery and recurrent laryngeal nerve swelling are potential contributors to voice changes.
  • Most patients experience spontaneous voice recovery within a year.