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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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Are topical retinoids teratogenic?

Stefano Veraldi1, Luisa C Rossi, Mauro Barbareschi

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, UniversitĂ  degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation, CĂ  Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy - stefano.veraldi@unimi.it.

Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E Venereologia : Organo Ufficiale, Societa Italiana Di Dermatologia E Sifilografia
|September 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Topical tretinoin, a form of retinoic acid, shows minimal absorption and does not impact endogenous levels. Studies confirm its safety for topical use, even during pregnancy, with no significant systemic effects observed.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Retinoic acid is a vital endogenous compound in human blood.
  • Topical retinoic acid (tretinoin) is widely used for dermatological conditions.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential systemic absorption and teratogenicity of topical retinoids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the systemic absorption and potential effects of topical tretinoin.
  • To assess the safety of topical tretinoin regarding embryotoxicity.
  • To determine if topical tretinoin influences endogenous retinoic acid levels.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal studies on topical retinoic acid absorption.
  • Analysis of human studies on percutaneous absorption of tretinoin.
  • Examination of endogenous retinoic acid and metabolite levels after topical tretinoin application.
  • Evaluation of prospective cohort studies on tretinoin embryotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • Minimal percutaneous absorption of tretinoin in humans was observed.
  • Topical tretinoin did not affect endogenous retinoic acid or metabolite levels.
  • Systemic effects from topical tretinoin at acne treatment doses are unlikely.
  • Prospective studies demonstrated topical tretinoin is not an embryotoxic agent.

Conclusions:

  • Topical tretinoin exhibits low systemic absorption and minimal risk of systemic effects.
  • Topical tretinoin is considered safe for dermatological use, including during pregnancy.
  • Clinical evidence supports the safety profile of topical tretinoin, refuting teratogenic concerns.