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Related Concept Videos

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing
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Copy Number Variation in Chickens: A Review and Future Prospects.

Xiaofei Wang1, Shannon Byers2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd., Nashville, TN 37209, USA. xwang@tnstate.edu.

Microarrays (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Copy number variations (CNVs) in chicken genomes significantly impact traits. While some CNVs explain specific traits, most require further research to understand their phenotypic effects.

Keywords:
chickencopy number variationphenotypic variability

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Animal Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA sequence variations, including copy number variations (CNVs), are crucial for genome and phenotypic variability.
  • CNVs, large DNA segment deletions or insertions, are increasingly recognized for their biological significance.
  • Chicken genomes have been extensively studied for CNVs using various high-throughput methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of CNVs in the chicken genome.
  • To identify CNVs that influence specific phenotypic traits in chickens.
  • To highlight the need for further research into the functional roles of the majority of chicken CNVs.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide surveys utilizing array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH).
  • Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip detection.
  • Whole genome sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Numerous CNVs have been identified across the chicken genome.
  • A substantial proportion of these CNVs affect protein-coding or regulatory gene sequences.
  • Specific CNVs have been linked to single-gene traits like late-feathering, pea-comb, and dermal hyperpigmentation.

Conclusions:

  • CNVs are a significant source of genetic variation in chickens.
  • While some CNVs have clear phenotypic consequences, the roles of many remain to be elucidated.
  • Further research is essential to fully understand the impact of CNVs on chicken traits and breeding.