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Differences between multiple personality disorder and other diagnostic groups on structured interview.

C A Ross1, S Heber, G R Norton

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
|August 1, 1989
PubMed
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Multiple personality disorder can be distinguished from schizophrenia, panic disorder, and eating disorders using specific historical and experiential factors. These include abuse history, sleepwalking, and unique dissociative experiences, aiding in diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Dissociative Disorders

Background:

  • Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is a complex dissociative disorder.
  • Differentiating MPD from other psychiatric conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
  • Previous research has explored various distinguishing features of MPD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key variables that differentiate multiple personality disorder from schizophrenia, panic disorder, and eating disorders.
  • To examine the utility of the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule in distinguishing these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was administered to 20 subjects diagnosed with multiple personality disorder.
  • Control groups included 20 subjects each with schizophrenia, panic disorder, and eating disorders.

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  • Statistical analysis was used to compare the groups across various variables.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple personality disorder subjects reported significantly more physical abuse, sexual abuse, substance abuse, sleepwalking, and childhood imaginary playmates.
    • Unique experiences such as secondary features of MPD, and extrasensory/supernatural experiences were more prevalent in the MPD group.
    • DSM-III criteria for multiple personality, psychogenic amnesia, and psychogenic fugue were more characteristic of the MPD group.
    • No significant differences were found in the prevalence of major depressive episodes across the groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple personality disorder can be reliably differentiated from schizophrenia, panic disorder, and eating disorders based on specific historical and experiential factors.
    • The findings support the validity of the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule in assessing dissociative disorders.
    • Further research is warranted to refine diagnostic criteria and understand the etiology of dissociative disorders.