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    Area of Science:

    • Coherent diffractive imaging
    • Nonlinear optics
    • Phase retrieval

    Background:

    • Ptychographic Coherent Diffractive Imaging (PCDI) enables label-free, high-resolution imaging by reconstructing the object's complex transmission function.
    • Current PCDI applications are limited to linear optical responses, restricting its use in probing nonlinear material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To generalize PCDI for nonlinear optical imaging.
    • To demonstrate the capability of PCDI in retrieving phase information from nonlinear optical interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Extension of PCDI principles to coherence-preserving nonlinear optical processes.
    • Experimental demonstration using second harmonic generation (SHG) as a nonlinear optical interaction.

    Main Results:

    • Successful implementation of nonlinear PCDI.
    • Direct measurement of phase information related to nonlinear optical coefficients.
    • Demonstration of PCDI's general applicability to nonlinear optical phenomena.

    Conclusions:

    • PCDI is a versatile imaging modality applicable to both linear and nonlinear optical responses.
    • Nonlinear PCDI provides direct access to phase information crucial for understanding nonlinear material properties.