Variation of Human Salivary O-Glycome
Radoslaw P Kozak1, Paulina A Urbanowicz1, Chamindie Punyadeera2
1Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
Plos One
|September 10, 2016
Summary
Saliva O-glycosylation analysis reveals significant daily changes in healthy individuals. This finding highlights the potential of salivary glycans as dynamic biomarkers for disease detection.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Glycomics
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Saliva O-glycosylation is gaining attention for its potential as disease biomarkers.
- Saliva contains abundant glycoproteins, particularly mucins, with glycosylation linked to blood group and secretor status.
- Salivary O-glycans represent a promising reservoir for biomarker discovery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze and compare O-glycans released from human whole mouth saliva.
- To assess diurnal variations in salivary O-glycosylation patterns in a healthy individual over five days.
Main Methods:
- O-linked glycans were released from saliva via hydrazinolysis.
- Glycans were labeled with procainamide for detection.
- Analysis was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UHPLC-FLR) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS).
Main Results:
- The sample preparation method demonstrated excellent reproducibility.
- Significant diurnal variations in saliva O-glycosylation were observed.
- These changes may correlate with fluctuations in salivary protein concentrations.
Conclusions:
- The developed sample preparation method is suitable for biomarker discovery.
- Daily fluctuations in salivary O-glycosylation are significant and warrant further investigation.
- Salivary O-glycans show potential as dynamic biomarkers influenced by physiological changes.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:23Salivary Glands and Saliva
2.9K
The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
2.9K
01:24Oligosaccharide Assembly
3.8K
Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
3.8K
01:25Protein Glycosylation
10.2K
Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Glycosylation occurs in...
10.2K
01:05Proteoglycans
5.1K
Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
5.1K
01:14Glycocalyx and its Functions
10.0K
The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
10.0K
01:50What is Monogastric Digestion?
77.2K
The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
77.2K