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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

35
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
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Dichroism in Helicoidal Crystals.

Xiaoyan Cui1, Shane M Nichols1, Oriol Arteaga2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces helicoidal dichroism to analyze twisted d-mannitol crystals. This optical method reveals mesostructure in complex materials, advancing beyond traditional microscopy for stained biological tissues.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Characterizing complex materials requires understanding light interactions with heterogeneous, anisotropic, absorbing, and optically active media.
  • Stained biological structures share these optical complexities, yet systematic analysis beyond petrographic microscopy is limited.
  • Molecular crystals often grow as helicoidal ribbons, a common but underappreciated phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a systematic optical analysis for complex, transparent materials, specifically twisted d-mannitol crystals.
  • To demonstrate the utility of helicoidal dichroism for characterizing crystal mesostructure.
  • To explore the optical properties of d-mannitol polymorphs grown with light-absorbing molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Growing twisted d-mannitol crystals (polymorphs α and δ) from melts containing light-absorbing molecules.
  • Utilizing Mueller matrix imaging polarimetry to measure optical properties.
  • Simulating optical properties based on lamellar microstructure and anisotropic absorption.

Main Results:

  • d-Mannitol polymorphs grown with dyes exhibit strong linear dichroism in polarized white light.
  • Helicoidal dichroism effectively characterizes the mesostructure of dyed, patterned polycrystals.
  • The study models the bis-azo dye Chicago sky blue for its specific absorption properties.

Conclusions:

  • Helicoidal dichroism offers a powerful method for analyzing the mesostructure of twisted crystalline materials.
  • This technique provides insights difficult to obtain with conventional microscopy.
  • The findings advance the optical characterization of complex, anisotropic materials like stained biological tissues.