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Updated: Mar 15, 2026
10:44
Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
Published on: May 24, 2017
12.2K
Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce1, Hayden McRobbie, Chris Bullen
1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, UK, OX2 6GG.
The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|September 14, 2016
Summary
Electronic cigarettes (ECs) show promise in helping smokers quit, with higher abstinence rates compared to placebo ECs. However, long-term safety remains unknown, and more research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Addiction Medicine
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are increasingly used by smokers seeking to reduce smoking risks.
- Concerns exist regarding the efficacy and safety of ECs for smoking cessation.
- This review updates previous findings on ECs for smoking abstinence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ECs in aiding long-term smoking abstinence.
- To assess the impact of ECs on helping individuals quit smoking.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies.
- Searched multiple databases (Cochrane, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO) from 2004 to January 2016.
- Included studies with at least six months follow-up for abstinence and one week for adverse events.
Main Results:
- Two RCTs (662 participants) indicated ECs increased long-term smoking abstinence compared to placebo ECs (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.96).
- Evidence quality for ECs versus placebo was rated 'low' due to small trial numbers and imprecision.
- No significant difference in abstinence was found between ECs and nicotine patches (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.68 to 2.34), with 'very low' evidence quality.
Conclusions:
- ECs may aid long-term smoking cessation compared to placebo, but confidence in this finding is low.
- The long-term safety of ECs is currently unknown.
- Further research, including 15 ongoing RCTs, is crucial to clarify efficacy and safety.
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