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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
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The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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Coordinated lymphangiogenesis is critical in lymph node development and maturation.

Yulia Ga-Eun Lee1, Gou Young Koh1,2

  • 1Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|September 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Lymphatic vessels are critical for lymph node development. VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling guides lymphatic endothelial cell migration and organization, essential for lymph node formation and maturation.

Keywords:
Lymph node developmentVEGF-Clymphatic endothelial cellslymphatic vessels

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular biology

Background:

  • Lymph node (LN) formation is a complex process involving coordinated signaling.
  • The specific role of lymphatic vessels (LVs) in LN development remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution and function of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in LN formation and maturation.
  • To analyze LEC migration, assembly, and ingrowth during embryonic and postnatal development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized lymphatic-specific reporters (Prox1-GFP mice).
  • Employed Vegfc+/LacZ mice to study VEGF-C signaling.
  • Analyzed LEC behavior in LNs during pre- and postnatal development.

Main Results:

  • LECs form string-like structures and complete LN coverage before birth.
  • Vegfc-haploinsufficient mice exhibited smaller LNs due to reduced LTi cell clusters and LEC migration.
  • Impaired LN LV ingrowth and reduced LN volume were observed with Vegfc-haploinsufficiency or VEGFR3 inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling is crucial for normal LN formation.
  • Proper LEC migration and organization mediated by this pathway are essential for LN development and maturation.