Agitation and touch in the nursing home

The relationship between manifestations of agitated behaviors and interpersonal distance was examined in 24 nursing home residents with high agitation and severe cognitive impairment. Analysis indicated that agitated residents displayed divergent responses to touch: touch was related to an increase in aggressive behaviors and to a decrease in physically nonaggressive behaviors (e.g., strange movements). The positive relationship between aggressiveness and touching suggests that residents may interpret touching as a violation of their personal space. The finding that residents exhibited fewer strange movements when touched suggests that touching can act as a quieting and comforting form of communication. The implications of these findings for caregivers are discussed.