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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Ruptured Mitral Chordae Tendineae.

Milan Toma1, Charles H Bloodworth1, Eric L Pierce1

  • 1Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Technology Enterprise Park, Suite 200, 387 Technology Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30313-2412, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|September 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models the mitral valve's complex chordal structure, revealing how individual chordae tendineae rupture impacts valve function. Detailed simulations show how chordal rupture size influences leakage and strain, aiding disease analysis.

Keywords:
Chordae tendineaeChordal ruptureComprehensive modelComputer simulationFluid-structure interactionMitral valve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biomechanics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • The mitral valve's complex chordal structure is often simplified in computational models.
  • These simplifications limit the investigation of individual chordae tendineae roles in mitral valve closure.
  • Accurate modeling is crucial for understanding chordae-related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a subject-specific computational model of the mitral valve with detailed chordal structure.
  • To analyze the distinct role of individual chordae tendineae in mitral valve closure.
  • To investigate the impact of chordal rupture on mitral valve function.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a comprehensive, subject-specific mitral valve model incorporating detailed chordal structure.
  • Simulated mitral valve closure under 51 different chordal rupture scenarios.
  • Calculated regurgitant orifice area and chordal strain changes at papillary muscle tips.

Main Results:

  • Regurgitant orifice area showed a positive trend with ruptured chordal diameter for specific chordae subclasses.
  • Chordal strain changes correlated negatively with the regurgitant orifice area.
  • The study quantified the distinct functional impact of individual chordae tendineae rupture.

Conclusions:

  • Subject-specific mitral valve modeling without geometric simplification is now feasible.
  • These advanced simulations provide insights into chordae-related diseases.
  • Future advancements in imaging and computation will enable more physiologically realistic simulations.