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Mumps Virus: Modification of the Identify-Isolate-Inform Tool for Frontline Healthcare Providers
Kristi L Koenig1, Siri Shastry2, Bandr Mzahim3
1University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Disaster Medical Sciences, Orange, California.
Abstract:
Mumps is a highly contagious viral infection that became rare in most industrialized countries following the introduction of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1967. The disease, however, has been re-emerging with several outbreaks over the past decade. Many clinicians have never seen a case of mumps. To assist frontline healthcare providers with detecting potential cases and initiating critical actions, investigators modified the "Identify-Isolate-Inform" tool for mumps infection. The tool is applicable to regions with rare incidences or local outbreaks, especially seen in college students, as well as globally in areas where vaccination is less common. Mumps begins with a prodrome of low-grade fever, myalgias and malaise/anorexia, followed by development of nonsuppurative parotitis, which is the pathognomonic finding associated with acute mumps infection. Orchitis and meningitis are the two most common serious complications, with hearing loss and infertility occurring rarely. Providers should consider mumps in patients with exposure to a known case or international travel to endemic regions who present with consistent signs and symptoms. If mumps is suspected, healthcare providers must immediately implement standard and droplet precautions and notify the local health department and hospital infection control personnel.
Insights
Mumps, a contagious viral illness, is re-emerging despite the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. A modified "Identify-Isolate-Inform" tool aids healthcare providers in detecting and managing mumps cases during outbreaks.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Mumps is a highly contagious viral infection, historically controlled by the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
- Recent years have seen a resurgence of mumps outbreaks, particularly in industrialized nations, posing challenges for clinicians unfamiliar with the disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To adapt the "Identify-Isolate-Inform" tool for mumps detection and management.
- To provide guidance for healthcare providers managing mumps in diverse settings, including areas with low vaccination rates and regions experiencing outbreaks.
Main Methods:
- Modification of the existing "Identify-Isolate-Inform" tool for mumps-specific clinical scenarios.
- Development of guidelines for healthcare providers on recognizing symptoms, implementing precautions, and reporting suspected cases.
Main Results:
- The modified tool is designed for use in areas with rare mumps incidence, local outbreaks (e.g., college campuses), and regions with lower vaccination coverage.
- Guidance emphasizes recognizing prodromal symptoms and the characteristic parotitis, considering patient history (exposure, travel), and understanding potential complications like orchitis and meningitis.
Conclusions:
- The adapted "Identify-Isolate-Inform" tool can assist frontline healthcare providers in the timely detection and critical management of mumps.
- Immediate implementation of standard and droplet precautions and notification of public health authorities are crucial upon suspecting a mumps case.
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