Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

7.0K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
7.0K
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

81.2K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
81.2K
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

7.0K
Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
7.0K
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

12.3K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
12.3K
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

6.8K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
6.8K
The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

136.6K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
136.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Scanning Bessel beam microscopy with a protected and corrective objective for solvent-cleared large samples.

iScience·2026
Same author

δ2-Protocadherins organize parallel indirect basal ganglia circuits.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Low-dose mixtures of dietary nutrients ameliorate behavioral deficits in multiple mouse models of autism.

PLoS biology·2025
Same author

Hyperthermic Seizure Susceptibility and Focal Decreases in Parvalbumin-Expressing Cortical Interneurons in a Mouse Model of PCDH19-Clustering Epilepsy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Shared and divergent alteration of whole-brain connectivity and sensory deficits in multiple autism mouse models.

Molecular psychiatry·2025
Same author

Rad51, Rad54, and ZMM proteins antagonize the mismatch repair system to promote fertility of budding yeast intraspecies hybrid zygotes.

Nucleic acids research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors
07:51

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors

Published on: November 14, 2014

18.0K

Postsynaptic SDC2 induces transsynaptic signaling via FGF22 for bidirectional synaptic formation.

Hsiao-Tang Hu1, Hisashi Umemori2, Yi-Ping Hsueh1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.

Scientific Reports
|September 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Postsynaptic syndecan-2 (SDC2) promotes presynaptic maturation by presenting fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22), enhancing synapse formation through a positive feedback loop.

More Related Videos

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture
10:17

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture

Published on: August 2, 2019

8.6K
Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
08:06

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient

Published on: September 3, 2014

32.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors
07:51

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors

Published on: November 14, 2014

18.0K
Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture
10:17

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture

Published on: August 2, 2019

8.6K
Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
08:06

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient

Published on: September 3, 2014

32.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Synapse formation requires coordinated pre- and post-synaptic development.
  • Postsynaptic syndecan-2 (SDC2) induces dendritic spines, which associate with presynaptic sites.
  • The mechanism by which SDC2 promotes presynaptic maturation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how postsynaptic SDC2 facilitates presynaptic terminal maturation.
  • To elucidate the role of fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) in SDC2-mediated synaptogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the interaction between SDC2 and FGF22.
  • Examined the role of SDC2 in targeting FGF22 to dendritic filopodia.
  • Analyzed the impact of FGF22 on presynaptic differentiation.
  • Studied the feedback mechanism involving NMDAR activation and CaMKII.

Main Results:

  • Postsynaptic SDC2 facilitates presynaptic maturation by presenting FGF22 to presynaptic receptors.
  • SDC2 enhances filopodial targeting of FGF22 and NMDAR.
  • FGF22-induced presynaptic maturation feeds back to activate postsynaptic NMDAR.
  • A positive feedback loop involving SDC2, FGF22, and NMDAR promotes coordinated synapse development.

Conclusions:

  • Postsynaptic SDC2 is a key regulator of presynaptic differentiation.
  • SDC2-mediated FGF22 presentation drives synapse maturation.
  • A positive feedback mechanism coordinates pre- and postsynaptic development for functional synapse formation.