Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Supramolecular Assembly System for Transdermal Penetration of Self-Assembled Short Peptides.

ACS applied bio materials·2026

Same author

SLC3A2-mediated BCAAs transport promotes airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via acetylation of PFN1.

Journal of advanced research·2026

Same author

3D potassium energetic metal-organic framework enables safer lead-free primary energetic materials with positive oxygen balance.

Materials horizons·2026

Same author

Nitroimine-encoded conformational locking: a molecular switch for planarity and stability.

Materials horizons·2026

Same author

Efficient Inference for Large Reasoning Models: A Survey.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026

Same author

DES-mediated self-assembled polypeptides: Synergistic neuromuscular signaling inhibition for anti-aging.

Biomaterials advances·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

3,6-Dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-Based Multipurpose Energetic Materials through Versatile N-Functionalization

Ping Yin¹, Jiaheng Zhang^2,3, Lauren A Mitchell⁴

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2343, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|September 16, 2016

Summary

Researchers synthesized novel energetic compounds based on 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole. These compounds show potential as green primary explosives, high-performance secondary explosives, and propellant ingredients.

Keywords:

N-functionalization detonation energetic materials fused heterocycle nitramines

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Published on: April 24, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Published on: April 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Chemistry
Materials Science
Energetic Materials

Background:

Development of novel energetic compounds is crucial for advanced applications.
Pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole scaffolds offer a promising platform for designing energetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a new family of energetic compounds derived from 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole.
To explore the potential applications of these compounds as modern energetic materials.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole derivatives via N-functionalization.
Preparation of nine ionic derivatives using acid-base reactions.
Characterization using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
Structural confirmation of four compounds via single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of a series of novel energetic compounds.
Comprehensive characterization confirming the structures and properties of the synthesized materials.
Identification of compounds suitable for diverse applications, including primary explosives, secondary explosives, and propellants.

Conclusions:

The synthesized 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-based compounds represent a versatile class of energetic materials.
These compounds demonstrate significant potential for use in green primary explosives, high-performance secondary explosives, and advanced propellant formulations.