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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates
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Chiral Antioxidant-based Gold Nanoclusters Reprogram DNA Epigenetic Patterns.

Yue Ma1, Hualin Fu1,2, Chunlei Zhang1

  • 1Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Scientific Reports
|September 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Antioxidant chiral gold nanoclusters reduce 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a key epigenetic marker. This discovery impacts understanding of gene regulation and human disease through novel nanomaterial applications in epigenetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications regulate gene transcription, impacting cellular behavior, development, and disease.
  • Conventional methods for evaluating epigenetic markers have limitations, necessitating novel approaches.
  • Nanoscale devices offer potential for advanced epigenetic analysis and manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of antioxidant chiral gold nanoclusters on epigenetic modifications.
  • To explore the potential of nanomaterials in understanding and influencing epigenetic pathways.
  • To identify new therapeutic or diagnostic strategies based on epigenetic modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of cells with antioxidant (glutathione) chiral gold nanoclusters.
  • Quantification of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels.
  • Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation and oxidation.
  • Evaluation of TET protein activity and TET1/TET2 mRNA expression.

Main Results:

  • Chiral gold nanoclusters induced a significant decrease in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC).
  • The observed epigenetic change was partially mediated by ROS activation and oxidation.
  • Glutathione chiral gold nanoclusters may inhibit TET protein activity and downregulate TET1/TET2 mRNA expression.
  • Alteration of TET-5hmC signaling affects downstream targets involved in cell behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Antioxidant-based chiral gold nanomaterials directly impact the epigenetic TET-5hmC pathway.
  • This study reveals critical DNA demethylation patterns influenced by nanomaterial intervention.
  • The findings open new avenues for nanomaterial applications in epigenetic research and disease management.