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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

Increased Visual Use in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Meta-analysis.

Kyeongtak Song¹, Christopher J Burcal, Jay Hertel

¹1Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; 2Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; 3Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC; and 4Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|September 17, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients rely less on somatosensory information and more on visual input for balance during single limb stance. This systematic review found significant differences in sensory use between CAI patients and healthy controls.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Neuroscience
Sports Medicine

Background:

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with balance impairments.
Altered sensory information processing is a hypothesized cause of these deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and meta-analyze studies comparing somatosensory information use during static single limb stance in CAI patients versus healthy controls.
To determine if CAI patients utilize somatosensory feedback to the same extent as uninjured individuals.

Main Methods:

Searched major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus) for relevant studies up to March 2016.
Included studies measuring time to boundary (TTB) during instrumented single limb stance with eyes open and closed.
Calculated effect sizes and pooled estimates for TTB outcomes to compare CAI and control groups.

Main Results:

Eleven articles were included in the meta-analysis.
Significant differences in mediolateral and anteroposterior TTB were found between CAI patients and controls.
Pooled estimates for TTB outcomes (eyes closed vs. eyes open) showed non-overlapping confidence intervals, indicating reduced reliance on somatosensory input in CAI.

Conclusions:

CAI patients appear to use somatosensory information less effectively during single limb stance compared to healthy individuals.
CAI patients may upregulate visual information reliance to compensate for diminished somatosensory feedback.
Findings suggest altered sensory integration contributes to balance deficits in CAI.