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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Forces in Sluice Gate01:11

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In hydraulic engineering, sluice gates are essential for managing water flow through channels, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. Sluice gates, acting as vertical barriers, regulate water by adjusting the gate's opening height, which changes the velocity and pressure of water flowing beneath the gate. Understanding the forces involved is crucial to designing sluice gates that can withstand dynamic pressure differences, especially when the gate is closed or partially open.
Key variables in...
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Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Visualizing the Gatekeeper: Evan's Blue Dye-Based Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Adult Zebrafish
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Commentary on WHO GATE Initiative.

Rory A Cooper1

  • 1a Human Engineering Resrch Lab, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
|September 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

People with spinal cord injuries (SCI) require assistive technology (AT) for community participation. The World Health Organization

Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Health Policy
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Assistive technology (AT) is crucial for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) to live independently and engage in community life.
  • A significant gap exists in access to appropriate AT and skilled services for many SCI individuals.
  • This lack of access hinders their quality of life and community integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of assistive technology for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI).
  • To address the global disparity in access to essential assistive technology (AT) and related services.
  • To introduce the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE) initiative.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global health policies and initiatives related to assistive technology.

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  • Analysis of World Health Organization (WHO) reports and priorities concerning medical devices.
  • Examination of the scope and objectives of the Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE).

    • Main Results:

    • Assistive technology (AT) is indispensable for the functional independence and community participation of people with spinal cord injuries (SCI).
    • Substantial barriers prevent many SCI individuals from accessing necessary AT and qualified support services.
    • The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched the Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE) to tackle this issue.

    Conclusions:

    • The Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE) initiative aims to enhance worldwide access to high-quality, affordable assistive devices.
    • GATE directly responds to the WHO's call to improve availability of essential, safe, effective, and affordable medical technologies.
    • Addressing AT needs is a key component of WHO's global health leadership priorities.