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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

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Overview
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Cerebrospinal Fluid01:21

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain....
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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The Arch of Aorta01:10

The Arch of Aorta

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The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
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Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Protocol for Isolating the Mouse Circle of Willis
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Protocol for Isolating the Mouse Circle of Willis

Published on: October 22, 2016

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Cerebrovascular disease.

M L P Portegies1, P J Koudstaal2, M A Ikram1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke is a common vascular disease affecting millions globally. Epidemiologic studies identify risk factors like hypertension and smoking, crucial for prevention and continued research into rare cerebrovascular diseases and subclinical conditions.

Keywords:
CADASILarterial dissectionsarteriovenous malformationsmicrobleedsmoyamoya diseasesilent infarctsstrokesubarachnoid hemorrhagetransient ischemic attackvasculitisvenous sinus thrombosiswhite-matter lesions

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Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature: Relevance to CNS Diseases
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with 16.9 million new cases in 2010.
  • Primary prevention strategies targeting hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation have reduced stroke incidence in high-income nations.
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhages, though less common, carry a higher mortality risk, with smoking, hypertension, and alcohol as key risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the global burden of stroke and its risk factors.
  • To highlight the importance of continued research into stroke prevention and management.
  • To discuss the challenges in assessing rare cerebrovascular diseases and subclinical cerebrovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiologic studies on stroke and related cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Analysis of risk factors identified in population-based research.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges for rare and subclinical conditions.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation are major modifiable risk factors for stroke.
  • Smoking, hypertension, and excessive alcohol intake are key risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • Rare conditions like arterial dissections and moyamoya disease, along with subclinical cerebrovascular disease (silent infarcts, white-matter lesions, microbleeds), are associated with increased stroke risk and poor outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research is essential to reduce the global burden of stroke and improve outcomes.
  • Timely recognition and management of rare cerebrovascular diseases and subclinical findings are critical for stroke prevention.
  • Epidemiologic data are vital for understanding stroke burden and guiding public health interventions.