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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics
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Dynamic interactions between prophages induce lysis in Propionibacterium acnes.

Teagan L Brown1, Joseph Tucci1, Zoe A Dyson1

  • 1La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.

Research in Microbiology
|September 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Two bacteriophages, PFR1 and PFR2, were identified from dairy Propionibacterium freudenreichii. PFR1 induced P. acnes lysis, a novel interaction demonstrating phages can cooperate to kill hosts.

Keywords:
ProphageProphage interactionsPropionibacteria

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Dairy Science
  • Bacteriophage Research

Background:

  • Propionibacterium freudenreichii is crucial for Swiss cheese production.
  • Bacteriophages (phages) can impact bacterial cultures in dairy.
  • Understanding phage-host interactions is vital for maintaining dairy product quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bacteriophages from dairy Propionibacterium freudenreichii.
  • To characterize the host range and interactions of these phages.
  • To explore novel phage-host dynamics in a dairy context.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical induction of bacteriophages (PFR1, PFR2) from P. freudenreichii using mitomycin C.
  • Genome comparison of PFR1 and PFR2, noting IS204 insertion in PFR2.
  • Host range characterization on Propionibacterium acnes strains.

Main Results:

  • PFR1 and PFR2 share identical genomes, with PFR2 containing insertion sequence IS204.
  • PFR1 plaques P. acnes, while PFR2 does not.
  • PFR1 induces a pseudolysogenic phage in P. acnes, leading to lysis.
  • Both PFR1 and PFR2 can infect P. acnes but do not replicate.

Conclusions:

  • This study reports the first instance of two phages interacting to kill a bacterial host.
  • Phage-phage interactions can modulate lytic capabilities.
  • These findings offer insights into microbial dynamics relevant to the dairy industry.